% Report Template
%
% Note: everything past '%' is comments
%
% See also the example in /usr/share/doc/texmf/revtex4/sample
% provided by the American Physical Society
%
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphics, epsfig}

\title{PHYS 510 Experiment}
\author{Cornell Student}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\abstract{ This document is an illustration of how to write up a small
report, e.g. for PHYS 510 using \LaTeX.  It describes how to create
the postscript {\tt report.ps} and the PDF {report.pdf} files from the
source file {\tt report.tex}\footnote{available at {\tt
http://computing.physics.cornell.edu/resources/report.tex}}.  By
looking at the source file you can learn how to do the most common
tasks such as setting up the document structure, writing equations,
and including graphics, footnotes, and references.}

\section{Introduction}

Once upon a time, every single student at the Physics Department was
required to spend countless hours somewhere between the 2nd and the
5th floor of Clark Hall of Science....

The current experiment tries very hard to produce the ultimate result
of such endeavors, a ``Report Beam''\cite{drevil} i.e. stationary
stream of reports designed to satisfy the aesthetic eye of the physics
faculty\footnote{although \LaTeX\ produces aesthetic documents, their
content is entirely your responsibility}!


\section{Theoretical Background}
Well, let's leave it for the theorists \cite{mech-land,
qm-dirac}. Actually it is useful to quote some important formulas:


\begin{equation}
{\cal S}= \int_{t_1}^{t2} {\cal L}(q, \dot q, t)dt
\label{eq:action-def}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\delta {\vec {\cal S}} = 0
\label{eq:action-zero}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot q_i} \right) -
\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial q_i} = 0
\label{eq:action-var}
\end{equation}

%\begin{equation}
%\langle i|H |f \rangle
%\end{equation}


\section{Experimental Setup}{\label{sec:exp}}
First you need the source file {\tt report.tex} which can be
downloaded from {\tt http://computing.physics.cornell.edu}.  Figure
\ref{fig:terminal} shows the terminal window of a PECF machine, where all
the action (\ref{eq:action-def}) takes place.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm, angle=0]{terminal.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Command shell.}
\label{fig:terminal}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Initial compilation}
Once we have the file {\tt report.tex} we can compile it on a shell prompt:
\begin{verbatim}
latex report.tex
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Do it once again}
Compile it once again to get the references right
\begin{verbatim}
latex report.tex,
\end{verbatim}
and then view the DVI (device independent format) report:
\begin{verbatim}
xdvi report.dvi
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Postscript time}
After we like the DVI file we can create a postscript which is the
language of every sensible printer:
\begin{verbatim}
dvips report.dvi -o report.ps,
\end{verbatim}
and view the result with
\begin{verbatim}
gv  report.ps
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Some Like It PDF!}
And pdf is not too hard either:

\begin{verbatim}
ps2pdf report.ps report.pdf
\end{verbatim}

\section{Results}
\LaTeX\  allows for extremely efficient minimization of the action
(\ref{eq:action-def}) according to equation (\ref{eq:action-zero}).
All you need to do is specify the document structure and \LaTeX\  takes
care for the page layout, the proper numbering of the equations and
references and even table of contents or lists of figures and tables
are created by typing only a single word.  After we have produced the
postscript file as shown in section \ref{sec:exp} we can print a copy
by
\begin{verbatim}
lp report.ps
\end{verbatim}

\section{Summary and further directions}
This document showed how to create a simple report using \LaTeX.  It
contains the most common tasks such as setting the document structure,
writing equations, including graphics, etc..  There is abundant
\LaTeX\ documentation in electronic \cite{latex-pecf-filesystem,
latex-online} or hardcopy \cite{latex-pecf-library} format.

\appendix
% everything beyond this point will have the appendix enumeration

\section{Better pdf}
For nicer fonts in the PDF file create the postscript using:

\begin{verbatim}
dvips -Ppdf report.dvi -o report.ps
\end{verbatim}


\section{Tables}
Tables are created like this:

% l(eft), r(ight) or c(enter) for each column, | is vertival line
\begin{tabular}{|l|l c|r|}
\hline %horizontal line
Column 1 & Column 2 & Column 3 & Column 4 \\
\hline
$\pi$ & 3.1416 & 3.1416 & 3.14159265358979 \\
e & 2.7183& 2.7183& 2.71828182845905\\
1/$\alpha$ & 137 & 137 & 137\\
\hline
\end{tabular}


\begin{thebibliography}{1}
\bibitem{mech-land} L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz, \emph{Mechanics}, 3rd ed., (Pergamon Press, New York, 1976).
\bibitem{qm-dirac} P.A.M. Dirac, \emph{The Principles of Quantum Mechanics}.
\bibitem{drevil} Dr. Evil.

\bibitem{latex-pecf-filesystem} {\tt /usr/share/doc/texmf/latex/general}
contains a collection of \LaTeX\ resources.
%\bibitem{latex-mit}
\bibitem{latex-online} {\tt http://www.latex-project.org}
\bibitem{latex-pecf-library} The PECF library at the door of B3 Rockefeller Hall contains the following books: \emph{First Steps in Latex: A Short Course},
\emph{A Guide to Latex: Document Preparation for Beginners and Advanced Users},
\emph{The LaTeX Companions Boxed Set: A Complete Guide and Reference for Preparing, Illustrating, and Publishing Technical Documents}, 
\emph{Learning Latex}, and
\emph{The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX2e}.
\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}